Vulnerability GHSA-9xww-74xv-gjfp

The DigestAuth replay defence stores lastNc + 1 rather than the nonce-count (nc) value it just accepted. When a legitimate client sends non-contiguous nc values (parallel or retried requests, as browsers do), the server's counter lags behind the highest nc seen, and a captured Authorization header can be replayed multiple times.

Impact

A passive observer can turn one captured Digest-authenticated request into several replayed authenticated (state-changing) requests, defeating the core replay protection Digest provides over Basic.

Preconditions

• Application uses DigestAuth.
• Attacker can passively observe at least one legitimate digest request.
• Legitimate client emits an nc more than one greater than the last, for instance from a parallel or retried request.

Workarounds

• Deploy over TLS so requests cannot be captured.